Abu Bakr
Prophet (SAW) did not nominate his successor
The Ansar suggested that two calips be chosen, one from the Quraish & the other from the Ansar but Umar (RA) objected
A general pledge of loyalty was taken by Abu Bakr (RA) where he said: “…I am no better than anyone of you. If I am right, obey me. If I am misguided, set me right…I ask you to obey me as long as I obey Allah and His Messenger. If is disobey Allah and His Messenger, you are free to disobey me.”
Expedition to Syria
Before the Prophet’s death, he had appointed Usamah (RA) to lead an expedition against the Syrians to avenge the death of his father Zaid
Abu Bakr was told to delay it but he refused because he said he could never alter the decision taken by the Prophet (SAW)
They were victorious
False Prophets
Musailmah:
Musailmah had an army of forty thousand to which Abu Bakr first sent two men to consolidate with them
He then sent a huge force under Khalid bin Walid who fought bravely and after a long drawn battle with numerous casualties, managed to slay Musailmah and win.
Aswad Anasi:
An army under Firuz was sent to Yemen to defeat Al-Ansi.
They succeeded in killing him
His followers regrouped and revolted.
They too were defeated and surrendered immediately
Tulaiha:
Khalid bin Walid was sent to crush his army
He was victorious at the battle of Buzakha
Tulayha escaped to Syria where he was caught and accepted Islam once again.
Sajjaha:
Married Musailmah and accepted him as prophet
Re-entered Islam
Apostasy Movement
Apostatized tribes were either told to re-enter Islam or fight
Within a year, Islam was the only religion again
Refusal to Pay Zakah
He took prompt action to set an example despite what the Majlis-e-Shura said
The tribes attacked Madinah but the Muslims repulsed this attack
They sent their delegation to offer allegiance and to pay zakah
Rebellions
Defeated the rebellious tribes
All these revolts were suppressed and brought back under the banner of Islam
E.g. Oman, Bahrain, Yemen
Conquest of Persia
Persian Empire wanted to wipe out the increasing power of the Muslims who in turn felt endangered from them
Abu Bakr also wanted to spread the word of Islam
Muslims made raids on Eastern Iraq
Battle of Chains
Khalid bin Walid invited Hurmuz, the Persian commander, to accept Islam or to pay Jizia or fight
They chose combat
This took place at Hafir
Persians were defeated and Hurmuz was slain
Persians had tied themselves to one another to show their do or die state of mind
Muslims defeated all the small skirmishes
Fall of Hira
Khalid bin Walid conquered Hira and most of Iraq
Conquest of Byzantine
Byzantine began to conspire against the Muslims in cooperation with the Bedouin tribes
Abu Bakr raised a big army
All the four divisions of the armies were victorious
Compilation of Qur’an
Umar (RA) advised Abu Bakr (RA) that necessary steps should be taken to preserve the Holy Qur’an in book form and although he was hesitant, he agreed because numerous Huffaaz had passed away in the Battle of Yamamah
Zaid bin Haritha was assigned the task
Administration of Abu Bakr
Democracy
All matters discussed with Majlis-e-Shura
Divided Arabia into provinces and appointed governors
Selected all governors, commanders and officers on merit
Strict standard of accounting for public money
Strict action against crimes
True savior of Islam
Prevented the weakening of Islamic principles
Death
Natural death caused by prolonged illness
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